GI losses and rehydration with free water:
- Gastroenteritis
- Secretory/osmotic diarrhoea
Skin losses (CF / burns)
Abdominal 3rd spacing
Hyperglycaemia
Renal Losses:
- Thiazide Diuretic
- Cerebral salt wasting
Primary renal tubular disorders
Hypoaldosteronism
Metabolic alkalosis |
Increased ADH secretion (SIADH):
- Pulmonary: pneumonia, bronchiolitis, mechanical ventilation
- CNS: infections, injury, tumour
- Post-operative, trauma, pain
- Endocrine: Hypothyroid, low cortisol
Administration of enteral hypotonic fluids (including dilute formula, Oral Rehydration Solutions, excessive water intake)
Psychogenic Polydipsia
Medications:
- Chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, platinum-based agents)
- Antiepileptics (valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine)
- Vasopressin
|
Excess IV fluid administration
Nephrotic syndrome
Cirrhosis
Heart Failure
Acute/Chronic Renal Failure
Obstructive uropathy |