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The Melbourne Assessment 2
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About the MA2
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The Melbourne Assessment 2
> Psychometrics of the MA and MA2
In this section
About the MA2
Example report
How to order
MA2 instructions and training
Contact us
Psychometrics of the MA and MA2
Psychometrics of the MA and MA2
Publications about the Melbourne Assessment including reviews of the tool
Bourke- Taylor, H. (2003). Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function: construct validity and correlation with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 45, 92-96.
Cusick, A., Vasquez, M., Knowles, L., & Wallen, M. (2005). Effect of rater training on reliability of Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function scores. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47(1), 39-45.
Gilmore, R., Sakzewski, L., & Boyd, R. (2010). Upper limb activity measures for 5- to 16-year-old children with congenital hemiplegia: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(1), 14-21.
Johnson, L. M., Randall, M. J., Reddihough, D. S., Oke, L. E., Eyrt, T. A., & Each, T. M. (1994). Development of a clinical assessment of quality of movement for unilateral upper limb function. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 36,965-973.
Klingels, H., P. De Cock, et al. (2008). Comparison of the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function and the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test in hemiplegic CP. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology(50): 1-6.
Klingels, K., Jaspers, E., Van de Winckel, A., De Cock, P., Molenaers, G., & Feys, H. (2010). A systematic review of arm activity measures for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24(10), 887-900.
Randall, M. (2005). Development of 'The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function': A Quantitative Test of Quality of Movement for Children with Cerebral Palsy. In H. D. Fong (Ed.), Focus on Cerebral Palsy Research (pp.93-122). New York: Nova Publishers.
Randall, M., Johnson, L., & Reddihough, D. (1999). The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function: test administration manual. Melbourne: Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.
Randall, M., Carlin, J., Chondros, P., & Reddihough, D. (2001). Reliability of the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43,761-767.
Randall, M., Imms, C., & Carey, L. (2008). Establishing validity of a modified Melbourne Assessment for children ages 2 to 4 years. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(4), 373-383.
Spirtos, M., O'Mahony, P., Malone, M. (2011). Interrater reliability of the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function for Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 65(4): 378-83.
Publications where the Melbourne Assessment was used
Aarts, P. B., Jongerius, P. H., Geerdink, Y. A., van Limbeek, J., & Geurts, A. C. (2010). Effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair, 24(6), 509-518.
Aarts, P., Jongerius, P., Aarts, M., Van Hartingsveldt, M., Anderson, P., & Beumer, A. (2007). A pilot study of the Video Observations Aarts and Aarts (VOAA): a new software program to measure motor behaviour in children with cerebral palsy. Occupational Therapy International, 14(2), 113-122.
Braendvik, S. M., Elvrum, A. K., Vereijken, B., & Roeleveld, K. (2010). Relationship between neuromuscular body functions and upper extremity activity in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(2), e29-34.
Buesch, F. E., Schlaepfer, B., de Bruin, E. D., Wohlrab, G., Ammann-Reiffer, C., & Meyer-Heim, A. (2010). Constraint-induced movement therapy for children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy: two single-case series. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 33(2), 187-192.
Cope, S. M., Liu, X. C., Verber, M. D., Cayo, C., Rao, S., & Tassone, J. C. (2010). Upper limb function and brain reorganization after constraint-induced movement therapy in children with hemiplegia. Developmental neurorehabilitation, 13(1), 19-30.
Corn, K., Imms, C., Timewell, G., Carter, C., Collins, L., Dubbeld, S., et al. (2003). Impact of Second Skin Lycra Splinting on the Quality of Upper Limb Movement in Children. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(10), 464-472.
Eliasson, A. C., Shaw, K., Ponten, E., Boyd, R., & Krumlinde-Sundholm, L. (2009). Feasibility of a day-camp model of modified constraint-induced movement therapy with and without botulinum toxin A injection for children with hemiplegia. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 29(3), 311-333.
Feys, H., Eyssen, M., Jaspers, E., Klingels, K., Desloovere, K., Molenaers, G., & De Cock, P. (2010). Relation between neuroradiological findings and upper limb function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 14(2), 169-177.
Fluet, G. G., Qiu, Q., Kelly, D., Parikh, H. D., Ramirez, D., Saleh, S., & Adamovich, S. V. (2010). Interfacing a haptic robotic system with complex virtual environments to treat impaired upper extremity motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental neurorehabilitation, 13(5), 335-345.
Jannink, M. J., van der Wilden, G. J., Navis, D. W., Visser, G., Gussinklo, J., & Ijzerman, M. (2008). A low-cost video game applied for training of upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(1), 27-32.
Kirton, A., Chen, R., Friefeld, S., Gunraj, C., Pontigon, A. M., & Deveber, G. (2008). Contralesional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic hemiparesis in subcortical paediatric stroke: a randomised trial. Lancet Neurology, 7(6), 507-513
Mackey, A. H., Miller, F., Walt, S. E., Waugh, M. C., & Stott, N. S. (2008). Use of three-dimensional kinematic analysis following upper limb botulinum toxin A for children with hemiplegia. European Journal of Neurology, 15(11), 1191-1198.
Martin, A., Burtner, P. A., Poole, J., & Phillips, J. (2008). Case report: ICF-level changes in a preschooler after constraint-induced movement therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(3), 282-288.
Motta, F., Antonello, C. E., & Stignani, C. (2010). Forced-use, without therapy, in children with hemiplegia: preliminary study of a new approach for the upper limb. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 30(6), 582-587.
Motta, F., Antonello, C. E., & Stignani, C. (2009). Upper limbs function after intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with secondary dystonia. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 29(7), 817-821
Motta, F., Stignani, C., & Antonello, C. E. (2008). Upper limb function after intrathecal baclofen treatment in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 28(1), 91-96.
Ozer, K., Chesher, S. P., & Scheker, L. R. (2006). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and dynamic bracing for the management of upper-extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48(7), 559-563.
Postans, N., Wright, P., Bromwich, W., Wilkinson, I., Farmer, S.E., Swain, I. (2010). The combined effect of Dynamic splinting and Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in reducing wrist and elbow contractures in six children with Cerebral palsy. Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 34(1), 10-19.
Rameckers, E.A., Speth, L.A., Duysens, J., Vles, J.S., Smits-Engelsman, B.C. (2009). Botulinum toxin-A in children with congenital spastic hemiplegia does not improve upper extremity motor-related function over rehabilitation alone: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair, 23(3), 218-225.
Rameckers, E. A., Duysens, J., Speth, L. A., Vles, H. J., & Smits-Engelsman, B. C. (2010). Effect of addition of botulinum toxin-A to standardized therapy for dynamic manual skills measured with kinematic aiming tasks in children with spastic hemiplegia. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 42(4), 332-338.
Sakzewski, L., Ziviani, J., Abbott, D. F., Macdonell, R. A., Jackson, G. D., & Boyd, R. N. (2011). Randomized trial of constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training on activity outcomes for children with congenital hemiplegia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 53(4), 313-320.
Sakzewski, L., J. Ziviani, et al. (2011). Best responders after intensive upper-limb training for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 92(4): 578-84.
Sakzewski, L., J. Ziviani, et al. (2010). The relationship between unimanual capacity and bimanual performance in children with congenital hemiplegia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 52(9): 811-6.
Sanger, T. D., Bastian, A., Brunstrom, J., Damiano, D., Delgado, M., Dure, L., . . . Welty, L. J. (2007). Prospective open-label clinical trial of trihexyphenidyl in children with secondary dystonia due to cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology, 22(5), 530-537.
Satila, H., Kotamaki, A., Koivikko, M., & Autti-Ramo, I. (2006). Upper limb function after botulinum toxin A treatment in cerebral palsy: two years follow-up of six cases. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 9(3), 247-258.
Schneiberg, S., McKinley, P. A., Sveistrup, H., Gisel, E., Mayo, N. E., & Levin, M. F. (2010). The effectiveness of task-oriented intervention and trunk restraint on upper limb movement quality in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(11), e245-253.
Speth, L. A., Leffers, P., Janssen-Potten, Y. J., Vles, J. S., Speth, L. A. W. M., Janssen-Potten, Y. J. M., & Vles, J. S. H. (2005). Botulinum toxin A and upper limb functional skills in hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized trial in children receiving intensive therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47(7), 468-473.
van Meeteren, J., Nieuwenhuijsen, C., de Grund, A., Stam, H. J., & Roebroeck, M. E. (2010). Using the manual ability classification system in young adults with cerebral palsy and normal intelligence. Disability & Rehabilitation, 32(23), 1885-1893.
van Meeteren, J., Roebroeck, M., Celen, E., Donkervoort, M., & Stam, H. (2008). Functional activities of the upper extremity of young adults with cerebral palsy: a limiting factor for participation? Disability & Rehabilitation. 30(5), 387-395.
van Meeteren, J., van Rijn, R. M., Selles, R. W., Roebroeck, M. E., & Stam, H. J. (2007). Grip strength parameters and functional activities in young adults with unilateral cerebral palsy compared with healthy subjects. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(8), 598-604.
Wallen, M., Ziviani, J., Herbert, R., Evans, R., & Novak, I. (2008). Modified constraint-induced therapy for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a feasibility study. Developmental neurorehabilitation, 11(2), 124-133.
Wallen, M., O'Flaherty, S. J., & Waugh, M. C. (2007). Functional outcomes of intramuscular botulinum toxin type a and occupational therapy in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 88(1), 1-10.
Wallen, M. A., O'Flaherty S, J., & Waugh, M. C. (2004). Functional outcomes of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy: a phase II trial. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 85(2),192-200.
Yasukawa, A., Patel, P., & Sisung, C. (2006). Pilot study: investigating the effects of Kinesio Taping in an acute pediatric rehabilitation setting. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(1), 104-110.
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