This table contains
recommendations regarding the maximum interval between time of last known
physical contact and time of biological sample collection. Collection of
samples beyond these time intervals may be justified under exceptional
circumstances after discussion with senior forensic medical practitioners. When
doubt exists, practitioners are urged to err on the side of caution and collect
samples. It is possible, but unlikely, that a positive result could be obtained
beyond the recommended time intervals.
These
recommendations are not intended to act as a substitute for informed
decision-making around optimal timing for a forensic medical service and/or
decisions around what samples should be collected.
These
recommendations apply to normally active individuals. Timeframes may be extended for bedridden/inactive
persons, or deceased persons.
Informed consent
must be obtained prior to sample collection. Information must also be provided
to patients regarding how results of forensic analysis might be stored and used
(including recording of DNA profiles on a Victoria Police DNA database).
Forensic analysis of samples may be
performed for the purpose(s) of:
- Identification of spermatozoa
- Identification of seminal fluid /components
- Identification of foreign DNA, including mitochondrial DNA
- Other (e.g. blood type analysis, saliva, foreign substance such as
lubricant, vaginal fluid)
Slides made from
swabs are only required when looking for spermatozoa, not for saliva, other
fluids or chemical substances.
A decision may reasonably be reached
NOT to collect samples for forensic analysis if:
- The behaviour of the subject has reduced the likelihood that a probative
result might be obtained, for example by showering, washing or wiping the
sample site
- The relationship between the victim and suspect is such that the
suspect’s DNA is likely to be on the victim as a result of non-criminal
behaviour, for example household contact or routine child care activity
- During the time between the alleged criminal contact and sample
collection, the subject has engaged in activities (such as sexual activity with
another person) that might significantly contaminate the sample site
In circumstances
where drainage of body fluids after the alleged assault might result in the
presence of biological material at a site other than the site where it was
initially deposited, consideration should be given to collection of samples at
times beyond those recommended in the table. For example, drainage of seminal
fluid from the vagina might occur for hours to days following unprotected penile-vaginal
intercourse with ejaculation resulting in the presence of seminal fluid on the
perineum.
Consider sampling
visible signs of dried body fluids or stains, regardless of time since the
alleged assault.
Collect underwear
when fluids might have drained onto clothing or when genital skin (including
penile skin) might have transferred DNA to clothing.
There is no upper time limit for collection of
biological samples such as foreign hairs, foreign material such as ejaculate in
hair, and objects such as condoms or stained (or possibly stained) clothing
such as underwear.
Limited data exists in
relation to collection times for forensic analysis of samples collected from
prepubertal children. Currently available data suggests that the yield is low
when samples are collected from prepubertal children more than 48 hours after
the last known physical contact.
Site (on Victim)
|
Nature of physical contact
|
Time since last contact
|
Comment that affects decision
|
Mouth |
Penile – oral penetration (semen possible) Collect mouth rinse* & perioral swab |
24 hours
|
Not if consumed food or fluid or cleaned teeth
|
Vaginal vestibule / vulva |
Penile – vulval contact (external to hymen/ hymenal remnants) (semen
possible) |
24 hours
|
Not if cleaned or washed
|
|
Digital - genital contact
|
24 hours
|
Not if cleaned or washed
|
|
Oral – genital contact (cunnilingus, saliva) |
24 hours
|
Not if cleaned or washed
|
Vaginal canal
Sample ONLY if post pubertal |
Penile - vaginal penetration (semen possible) Cervix (NOTE: requires speculum) |
72 hours 5 days |
Not if douched
Menstruation may reduce likelihood of positive result |
|
Digital – vaginal penetration |
24 hours
|
Not if douched
Menstruation may reduce likelihood of positive result |
Anus |
Penile – anal contact (semen possible)
|
48 hours
|
Not if defecated
|
|
Digital – anal contact |
24 hours
|
Not if defecated |
Skin (not listed above) |
Digital contact with victim’s skin (“touch DNA”)
|
24 hours
|
Not if washed |
|
Oral contact with victim’s skin (saliva)
|
72 hours
|
Not if washed
|
|
Foreign material transferred to victim’s skin
(includes possible semen, blood or saliva on
skin. Sample visible material or stain regardless of time frame) |
72 hours
|
Not if washed
|
Penile swab** |
Penetrating any orifice
|
72 hours
|
Not if washed
|
Fingernail scrapings |
e.g. Scratched skin
e.g. Digital penetration
vagina and/ or anus
|
72 hours |
Not if washed |
*Note: ensure water
vials from within FMEKs are NOT used for the mouth rinse due to the possible
trace presence of decontaminant agents. Use 10 ml 'water for injection' from
hospital stock. If ‘water for injection’
unavailable 10 ml of tap water may be used for the mouth rinse.
**Note; the
forensic laboratory does not do histology or look for mucous membrane cells in
these specimens. Analysis is limited to DNA or certain other substances such as
amylase (if there was penile – oral penetration)
This guideline will be reviewed annually. Due for review December 2019.